Ukusukela kwinkulungwane yama-20, uluntu luye lwachukunyiswa kukuhlola indawo kunye nokuqonda okungaphaya koMhlaba.Imibutho emikhulu efana ne-NASA kunye ne-ESA iye yahamba phambili ekuhloleni indawo, kwaye omnye umdlali obalulekileyo kule ngqungquthela yi-3D yokushicilela.Ngokukwazi ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza iinxalenye ezinzima ngexabiso eliphantsi, le teknoloji yoyilo iya ithandwa kakhulu kwiinkampani.Yenza ukuba ukwenziwa kwezicelo ezininzi kwenzeke, ezinje ngeesathelayithi, iisuti zasemkhathini, kunye nezixhobo zerokhethi.Ngapha koko, ngokutsho kwe-SmarTech, ixabiso lentengiso yeshishini labucala lemveliso eyongeziweyo kulindeleke ukuba lifike kwi-2.1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2026. Oku kuphakamisa umbuzo: Ushicilelo lwe-3D lunokunceda njani abantu ukuba bagqwese esithubeni?
Ekuqaleni, ushicilelo lwe-3D lwalusetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala ukwenza iprototyping ekhawulezileyo kushishino lwezonyango, lweemoto, kunye ne-aerospace.Nangona kunjalo, njengoko itekhnoloji iye yanda kakhulu, isetyenziswa ngokwandayo kwiinjongo zokugqibela.Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-Metal, ngakumbi i-L-PBF, ivumele ukuveliswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi ezineempawu kunye nokuqina okufanelekileyo kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo zendawo.Obunye ubuchwephesha bokuprinta be-3D, obufana ne-DED, ijetting ye-binder, kunye nenkqubo ye-extrusion, nazo ziyasetyenziswa ekwenzeni amacandelo e-aerospace.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimodeli zoshishino ezintsha ziye zavela, kunye neenkampani ezifana ne-Made in Space kunye ne-Relativity Space zisebenzisa iteknoloji yoshicilelo lwe-3D ukuyila amacandelo e-aerospace.
I-Relativity Space iphuhlisa iprinta ye-3D yoshishino lwe-aerospace
Itekhnoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D kwi-aerospace
Ngoku sele sizazisile, makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwiitekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo zoshicilelo lwe-3D ezisetyenziswa kushishino lwe-aerospace.Okokuqala, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-metal additive production, ngakumbi i-L-PBF, iyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kule ndawo.Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukusebenzisa amandla e-laser ukudibanisa umgubo wesinyithi umaleko.Ilungele ngokukodwa ukuvelisa iinxalenye ezincinci, ezinzima, ezichanekileyo kunye nezilungelelanisiweyo.Abavelisi be-aerospace nabo banokuzuza kwi-DED, ebandakanya ukubeka ucingo lwentsimbi okanye umgubo kwaye isetyenziselwa ukulungisa, ukugquma, okanye ukuvelisa isinyithi okanye iinxalenye ze-ceramic.
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-jetting ye-binder, nangona inenzuzo ngokubhekiselele kwisantya sokuvelisa kunye neendleko eziphantsi, ayifanelekanga ukuvelisa iindawo eziphezulu zemishini kuba ifuna amanyathelo okuqinisa emva kokulungiswa okwandisa ixesha lokuvelisa imveliso yokugqibela.Itekhnoloji ye-Extrusion nayo iyasebenza kwindawo esingqongileyo.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ayizizo zonke iipolymers ezilungele ukusetyenziswa kwindawo, kodwa iiplastiki eziphezulu zokusebenza ezifana ne-PEEK zinokuthatha indawo yezinye iindawo zetsimbi ngenxa yamandla azo.Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo yoshicilelo lwe-3D ayikasasazeka kakhulu, kodwa inokuba yi-asethi yexabiso yokuhlola indawo ngokusebenzisa imathiriyeli emitsha.
I-Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) iteknoloji esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-3D yoshicilelo lwe-aerospace.
Ubunakho beZixhobo zeSithuba
Ishishini le-aerospace liphonononga imathiriyeli emitsha ngoshicilelo lwe-3D, liphakamisa iindlela ezintsha ezinokuthi ziphazamise imarike.Ngelixa iintsimbi ezinje nge-titanium, i-aluminiyam, kunye ne-nickel-chromium alloys bezisoloko ziyingqwalasela ephambili, imathiriyeli entsha inokubiwa ngokukhawuleza: i-lunar regolith.I-Lunar regolith ngumaleko wothuli olugqume inyanga, kwaye i-ESA ibonise izibonelelo zokuyidibanisa kunye noshicilelo lwe-3D.U-Advenit Makaya, injineli ephezulu yokwenziwa kwe-ESA, ichaza i-lunar regolith njengekhonkrithi, eyona nto yenziwe ngesilicon kunye nezinye izinto zekhemikhali ezifana nentsimbi, i-magnesium, i-aluminium kunye ne-oxygen.I-ESA ibambisene neLithoz ukuvelisa iindawo ezincinci ezisebenzayo ezifana nezikrufu kunye neegiya zisebenzisa i-regolith yenyanga efanisiweyo eneempawu ezifana nothuli lwenyanga lokwenyani.
Uninzi lweenkqubo ezibandakanyekayo ekwenzeni i-lunar regolith isebenzisa ubushushu, iyenza ihambelane neetekhnoloji ezifana ne-SLS kunye nezisombululo zoshicilelo lwe-powder bonding.I-ESA ikwasebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-D-Shape ngenjongo yokuvelisa iinxalenye eziqinileyo ngokuxuba i-magnesium chloride kunye nezixhobo kunye nokudibanisa ne-magnesium oxide efunyenwe kumzekelo owenziweyo.Enye yeengenelo ezibalulekileyo zesi sixhobo senyanga kukulungiswa kwayo koshicilelo olucokisekileyo, okuyenza ikwazi ukuvelisa iinxalenye ngeyona ndlela ichanekileyo.Olu phawu lunokuba yeyona asethi iphambili ekwandiseni uluhlu lwezicelo kunye namacandelo okwenziwa kweziseko zenyanga zexesha elizayo.
I-Lunar Regolith ikuyo yonke indawo
Kukwakho ne-Martian regolith, ebhekisa kwimathiriyeli engaphantsi komhlaba efunyenwe kuMars.Okwangoku, ii-arhente zasemajukujukwini zamazwe ngamazwe azikwazi ukuphinda zifumane esi sixhobo, kodwa oku akukhange kunqande izazinzulu ukuba ziphande amandla azo kwiiprojekthi ezithile ze-aerospace.Abaphandi basebenzisa iisampulu ezifanisiweyo zesi sixhobo kwaye bayayidibanisa ne-titanium alloy ukuvelisa izixhobo okanye amacandelo e-rocket.Iziphumo zokuqala zibonisa ukuba esi sixhobo siya kunika amandla aphezulu kwaye sikhusele izixhobo ekugruseni kunye nomonakalo wemitha.Nangona ezi zinto zimbini zineempawu ezifanayo, i-lunar regolith iseyeyona nto ivavanywayo.Enye inzuzo kukuba ezi mathiriyeli zinokuveliswa kwindawo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthutha imathiriyeli ekrwada ukusuka eMhlabeni.Ukongeza, i-regolith ngumthombo wezinto ezingapheliyo, ezinceda ukuthintela ukunqongophala.
Usetyenziso lwetekhnoloji yoshicilelo lwe-3D kwishishini le-aerospace
Ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji yoshicilelo lwe-3D kwishishini le-aerospace inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo ethile esetyenzisiweyo.Umzekelo, i-laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iindawo ezintsonkothileyo zexesha elifutshane, njengeenkqubo zesixhobo okanye iindawo ezisecaleni.I-Launcher, isiqalo esekwe eCalifornia, sisebenzise itekhnoloji yoshicilelo ye-Velo3D yesapphire-metal ye-3D ukunyusa i-E-2 ye-rocket injini yolwelo.Inkqubo yomenzi yayisetyenziselwa ukudala i-injini yokungenisa, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhawuleziseni nasekuqhubeni i-LOX (i-oksijini yolwelo) kwigumbi lokutsha.I-iturbine kunye nesivamvo zaye zaprintwa nganye kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D emva koko yadityaniswa.Eli candelo libonelela ngerokethi ngokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokutyhala okukhulu, oko kuyenza ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-injini.
I-Velo3D ibe negalelo ekusetyenzisweni kobuchwepheshe be-PBF ekwenzeni i-E-2 ye-rocket injini yolwelo.
Imveliso eyongeziweyo inezicelo ezibanzi, kubandakanywa ukuveliswa kwezakhiwo ezincinci nezinkulu.Umzekelo, iitekhnoloji zoshicilelo ze-3D ezinje ngeRelativity Space's Stargate isisombululo zinokusetyenziselwa ukwenza iindawo ezinkulu ezinje ngeetanki zamafutha erokethi kunye neeblade zokuhambisa.I-Relativity Space ibonakalise oku ngemveliso eyimpumelelo ye-Terran 1, i-rocket eprintiweyo phantse yonke ye-3D, kuquka netanki yamafutha eimitha ezininzi.Ukuphehlelelwa kwayo okokuqala ngomhla wama-23 kuMatshi ngo-2023, kubonise ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kweenkqubo zokuvelisa ezongezelelweyo.
Itekhnoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D esekwe kwi-Extrusion iphinda ivumele ukuveliswa kweengxenye usebenzisa izinto eziphezulu zokusebenza ezifana ne-PEEK.Izixhobo ezenziwe ngale thermoplastic sele zivavanyiwe kwisithuba kwaye zibekwe kwi-Rashid rover njengenxalenye ye-UAE yenyanga ye-mission.Injongo yolu vavanyo yayikukuvavanya ukuxhathisa kwe-PEEK kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo zenyanga.Ukuba iphumelele, i-PEEK inokukwazi ukubuyisela iinxalenye zetsimbi kwiimeko apho iindawo zentsimbi ziphuka okanye izinto ezinqongopheleyo.Ukongeza, iipropathi ezikhaphukhaphu ze-PEEK zinokuba nexabiso ekuhloleni indawo.
Itekhnoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zeshishini le-aerospace.
Izinto ezilungileyo zoshicilelo lwe-3D kwishishini le-aerospace
Izinto ezilungileyo zoshicilelo lwe-3D kwishishini le-aerospace libandakanya ukuphuculwa kwenkangeleko yokugqibela yeengxenye xa kuthelekiswa nobugcisa bokwakha bemveli.UJohannes Homa, i-CEO ye-Austrian 3D umenzi womshicileli weLithoz, uthe "le teknoloji yenza iindawo zibe lula."Ngenxa yenkululeko yoyilo, iimveliso eziprintiweyo ze-3D zisebenza ngakumbi kwaye zifuna izixhobo ezimbalwa.Oku kunempembelelo entle kwimpembelelo yokusingqongileyo yenxalenye yemveliso.I-Relativity Space ibonise ukuba ukuveliswa okongeziweyo kunokunciphisa kakhulu inani lamalungu afunekayo ukwenza iziphekepheke.Kwirokethi ye-Terran 1, iinxalenye ezili-100 zagcinwa.Ukongeza, le teknoloji ineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo kwisantya semveliso, kunye ne-rocket igqitywe ngeentsuku ezingaphantsi kwe-60.Ngokwahlukileyo, ukwenza i-rocket usebenzisa iindlela zemveli kunokuthatha iminyaka eliqela.
Ngokumalunga nolawulo lwezixhobo, ushicilelo lwe-3D lunokugcina imathiriyeli kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, lude luvumele ukuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma.Okokugqibela, ukuveliswa okongeziweyo kunokuba yimpahla ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa ubunzima bokuthatha iirokethi.Injongo kukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zasekhaya, ezifana ne-regolith, kunye nokunciphisa ukuthuthwa kwezinto ngaphakathi kwesiphekepheke.Oku kwenza kube lula ukuthwala kuphela umshicileli we-3D, onokudala yonke into ekwisiza emva kohambo.
Yenziwe kwi-Space sele ithumele enye yeeprinta zabo ze-3D esithubeni ukuze zivavanywe.
Unyino lwe-3D yoshicilelo esithubeni
Nangona ushicilelo lwe-3D luneenzuzo ezininzi, iteknoloji isentsha kwaye inemida.U-Advenit Makaya uthe, "Enye yeengxaki eziphambili kwimveliso eyongezelelweyo kwishishini le-aerospace kulawulo lwenkqubo kunye nokuqinisekiswa."Abavelisi banokungena kwilebhu kwaye bavavanye amandla enxalenye nganye, ukuthembeka, kunye ne-microstructure ngaphambi kokuqinisekiswa, inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba luvavanyo olungonakalisi (NDT).Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokutya ixesha kwaye kuyabiza, ngoko ke injongo yokugqibela kukunciphisa imfuno yezi mvavanyo.I-NASA isandul 'ukuseka iziko lokujongana nalo mbandela, igxininise kwisatifikethi esikhawulezayo samacandelo esinyithi enziwe ngokwenziwa kokongeza.Iziko lijolise ekusebenziseni amawele edijithali ukuphucula imodeli yekhompyutheni yeemveliso, eziza kunceda iinjineli ziqonde ngcono ukusebenza kunye nokulinganiselwa kwamalungu, kubandakanywa uxinzelelo olungakanani abanokumelana nalo ngaphambi kokuphuka.Ngokwenza njalo, iziko lithemba ukunceda ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-3D yoshicilelo kwishishini le-aerospace, okwenza kube lula ngakumbi ukukhuphisana neendlela zokuvelisa zendabuko.
La macandelo afumene ukuthembeka okubanzi kunye novavanyo lwamandla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkqubo yokuqinisekisa iyahluka ukuba ukuveliswa kwenziwa kwindawo.U-ESA u-Advenit Makaya uyachaza, "Kukho ubuchule obubandakanya ukuhlalutya iinxalenye ngexesha lokushicilela."Le ndlela inceda ukugqiba ukuba zeziphi iimveliso eziprintiweyo ezifanelekileyo kwaye ezingafanelekanga.Ukongeza, kukho inkqubo yokuzilungisa ye-3D abashicileli benzelwe indawo kwaye ivavanywa koomatshini bentsimbi.Le nkqubo inokuchonga iimpazamo ezinokwenzeka kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kwaye iguqule ngokuzenzekelayo iiparamitha zayo ukulungisa naziphi na iziphene kwinxalenye.Ezi nkqubo zimbini kulindeleke ukuba ziphucule ukuthembeka kweemveliso ezishicilelweyo esithubeni.
Ukuqinisekisa izisombululo zoshicilelo lwe-3D, i-NASA kunye ne-ESA ziseke imigangatho.Le migangatho ibandakanya uluhlu lweemvavanyo ukumisela ukuthembeka kwamacandelo.Bajonga itekhnoloji yokudityaniswa kwebhedi yomgubo kwaye bayayihlaziya kwezinye iinkqubo.Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabadlali abaphambili kumzi mveliso wezinto, ezinje ngeArkema, BASF, Dupont, kunye neSabic, nabo babonelela ngoku kulandeleka.
Ukuhlala emajukujukwini?
Ngokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji yoshicilelo lwe-3D, sibone iiprojekthi ezininzi eziyimpumelelo eMhlabeni ezisebenzisa obu buchwepheshe ukwakha izindlu.Oku kusenza sizibuze ukuba ingaba le nkqubo ingasetyenziswa kwikamva elingekude okanye elikude ukwakha izakhiwo ezinokuhlala abantu esithubeni.Ngelixa ukuhlala emajukujukwini ngoku akukho ngqiqweni, ukwakha izindlu, ngakumbi enyangeni, kunokuba luncedo koosomajukujuku xa besenza imisebenzi yasemajukujukwini.Injongo ye-European Space Agency (ESA) kukwakha iidomes enyangeni usebenzisa i-lunar regolith, engasetyenziselwa ukwakha iindonga okanye izitena ukukhusela oosomajukujuku kwimitha.Ngokutsho kuka-Advenit Makaya ovela kwi-ESA, i-lunar regolith iqulunqwe malunga ne-60% yesinyithi kunye ne-40% ye-oksijini kwaye iyinto ebalulekileyo yokuphila kwe-astronaut kuba inokubonelela ngomthombo ongapheliyo we-oksijini ukuba ikhutshwe kule nto.
I-NASA inikezele nge-57.2 yezigidi zeerandi kwi-ICON ngokuphuhlisa inkqubo yoshicilelo ye-3D yokwakha izakhiwo kumphezulu wenyanga kwaye ikwasebenzisana nenkampani ukudala indawo yokuhlala ye-Mars Dune Alpha.Injongo kukuvavanya iimeko zokuphila kuMars ngokuba namavolontiya ahlala kwindawo yokuhlala unyaka omnye, alinganisa iimeko kwiSijikelezi-langa esiBomvu.Ezi nzame zibonisa amanyathelo abalulekileyo okwakha ngokuthe ngqo izakhiwo eziprintiweyo ze-3D enyangeni nakwi-Mars, ezinokuthi ekugqibeleni zivule indlela yekoloniyali yendawo yoluntu.
Kwixesha elizayo elikude, ezi zindlu zinokwenza ubomi buphile esithubeni.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-14-2023